मोदी के सत्ता में आने के बाद दंगों के पैटर्न में बदलाव भारतीय समाज व राजनीति के लिए खतरनाक संकेत है

- मनोज अभिज्ञान

नरेंद्र मोदी के सत्ता में आने के बाद से भारतीय राजनीति और समाज में कई बदलाव देखने को मिले हैं. इन बदलावों का प्रभाव केवल राजनीति तक सीमित नहीं रहा, बल्कि समाजिक ढांचे और दंगों के स्वरूप पर भी पड़ा है. जहां एक ओर बड़े पैमाने पर होने वाले दंगे कम हुए हैं, वहीं दूसरी ओर छोटे-छोटे सांप्रदायिक दंगों, मॉब लिंचिंग और राज्य द्वारा समर्थित हिंसा में वृद्धि देखी गई है. सरकार के बुलडोजर द्वारा मकान ध्वस्त करने की घटनाओं ने यह सवाल उठाया है कि जब सत्ता स्वयं ही इस तरह की कार्रवाइयों में संलिप्त हो जाती है, तो बड़े दंगों की क्या आवश्यकता रह जाती है?

2014 के बाद, सांप्रदायिक हिंसा का पैटर्न बदल गया है. जहां पहले बड़े पैमाने पर दंगे होते थे, जिनमें हजारों लोग शामिल होते थे और व्यापक हिंसा होती थी, अब उसकी जगह छोटे और क्षेत्रीय दंगों ने ले ली है. National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) के अनुसार, 2014 से 2019 के बीच 3,399 सांप्रदायिक दंगों के मामले दर्ज किए गए. वहीं 2020 और 2021 में सांप्रदायिक हिंसा की घटनाओं में वृद्धि देखी गई, खासकर मॉब लिंचिंग की घटनाएं सामने आईं, जो समाज में डर और आतंक फैलाने का नया तरीका बन गई हैं.

मॉब लिंचिंग का यह पैटर्न खासतौर पर अल्पसंख्यक समुदायों, विशेषकर मुसलमानों को निशाना बनाता है. यह हिंसा अक्सर धार्मिक आधार पर होती है, और इसके पीछे सांप्रदायिक ध्रुवीकरण का मकसद साफ दिखाई देता है. मॉब लिंचिंग की घटनाएं इस कदर बढ़ गई हैं कि लोग सार्वजनिक स्थानों पर भी सुरक्षित महसूस नहीं करते. इन घटनाओं का सबसे बड़ा नुकसान यह है कि यह कानून व्यवस्था को ठेंगा दिखाती हैं और समाज में अस्थिरता पैदा करती हैं.

दंगों का राजनीतिकरण कोई नई बात नहीं है, लेकिन 2014 के बाद जिस तरह से दंगों का स्वरूप बदला है, वह विचारणीय है. जहां बड़े दंगे किसी एक खास उद्देश्य को साधने के लिए होते थे, जैसे चुनावों से पहले ध्रुवीकरण करना, अब छोटे दंगे समाज में लगातार सांप्रदायिक तनाव बनाए रखने का एक तरीका बन गए हैं. इस प्रकार के दंगों के माध्यम से सत्ता ध्रुवीकरण की राजनीति को लगातार बढ़ावा दे रही है.

हाल के वर्षों में दंगों की जगह एक और नई प्रवृत्ति देखने को मिली है—बुलडोजर राजनीति. राज्य द्वारा, विशेषकर भाजपा शासित राज्यों में, हिंसा के बाद बुलडोजर का इस्तेमाल करके गरीब और अल्पसंख्यक समुदायों के घरों को ध्वस्त करने की घटनाएं बढ़ गई हैं. यह कार्रवाई अक्सर बिना किसी कानूनी प्रक्रिया के की जाती है, और इसका मकसद स्पष्ट है: सांप्रदायिक ध्रुवीकरण को बनाए रखना और अल्पसंख्यकों को हाशिए पर रखना.

दंगों के पैटर्न में यह बदलाव भारतीय समाज और राजनीति के लिए खतरनाक संकेत है. छोटे-छोटे सांप्रदायिक दंगों, मॉब लिंचिंग और बुलडोजर राजनीति ने समाज में अस्थिरता बढ़ा दी है. यह स्थिति न केवल सांप्रदायिक सौहार्द को नुकसान पहुंचा रही है, बल्कि सामाजिक ताने-बाने को भी कमजोर कर रही है.

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