Skip to main content

'Gender bias': A male bastion, Phalke award 'bypasses' top actresses of yesteryears

By Bharat Dogra* 

Twenty years after independence a most creative phase of Hindi cinema was ushered in after some of the best films were made. Leading actors of the era had an enduring impact, which continues to this day. Four of the best and most popular heroes, with very wide impact on society (Ashok Kumar, Raj Kapoor, Dilip Kumar and Dev Anand) received the Dada Phalke award, the highest award of Indian cinema.
At the same time, ironically, none of the five greatest heroines of this era, with equal talent, popularity, achievement and high social impact, received the coveted Dada Phalke Award. These five heroines were Waheeda Rehman, Meena Kumari, Nargis, Nutan and Madhubala.
Of course there were several other very talented heroines during this period such as Mala Sinha, Sadhana and Vyjanthimala, to mention only a few, but the five actresses were in a class by themselves and left such an enduring impact with countless admirers to this day. Their neglect for the top award continues to this day. It must be considered a matter of serious gender bias.
Among these five, also Waheeda Rehman was been perhaps the most versatile, as is evident from her many great acting triumphs in films like “Pyasa”, “Kagaz ke Phool”, “Guide”, “Mujhe Jeene Do”, “Teesri Kasam”, “Khamoshi” and “Reshma aur Shera”. She worked with Satyajit Ray in “Abhijan”, and also acted in Telugu, Tamil and Malyalam films.
In fact she started with Telugu films. Then when she came to Bombay to work in Hindi films, she was asked to adopt a popular screen name which she refused to do and insisted on retaining her original name.
On top of that she also insisted on getting a signed contract that she would not wear a dress that she did not consider to be decent. Some senior film unit members who were used to having their way even with established artists were angry with her and wanted her to be dropped, but she insisted on having her way and with her very first film as a heroine in Hindi (“Pyasa”), she established a reputation of great acting which has never left her.
She has shown courage in coming out of very difficult situations. She still continues to act once in a while in elderly roles. She has been an accomplished dancer and in more recent times has been active as a philanthropist as well.
Meena Kumari has been repeatedly described as the one and only actress whose acting style and the way of speaking her dialogue was entirely her own; no one else could even imitate it and its grace and charm.
Their millions of enduring followers would look forward to the day when they are honoured with the highest award of Indian cinema
Some of her better-known films including “Pakeezah” and “Sahib, Bibi aur Ghulam”. They can still attract big audiences. Her other notable films include “Baiju Bawra”, “Aarti”, “Dil ek Mandir”, “Chitralekha”, “Phool aur Pathar”, “Manjhli Didi” and “Mere Apne”. She was an accomplished dancer and a sensitive poet. She worked in films right from early childhood to her last days.
Nargis had a very special role in the post-Independence years as a representative of women finding a wider role in society, trying to combine the best of tradition and modernity. Her roles opposite Raj Kapoor in many films were hugely popular with the audience those days and are still cherished.
These include films like “Barsaat”, “Awara”, “Chori-Chori” and “Shri 420”. Her other notable films include “Pardesi”, “Raat aur Din”. and then there is her unmatched, all-time great role in “Mother India”. If she had done only this one single role in her entire film career she would still be remembered for that.
Nutan was a versatile actress, excelling in light as well as very serious films. Her most notable films include “Sujata”, “Anari” and “Seema”. However, the biggest achievement of her acting career remains “Bandini”, where her role was at times very tender and at times very complex. She did full justice to this difficult role, helping to make “Bandini” one of the all-time great films.
Madhubala brought happiness and joy to millions of her fans and admirers, even though her own life was very tragic for the great part due to serious health problems. She died at a young age, but not before giving us such great films as “Barsaat Ki Raat” and “Chalti ka Naam Gaadi”.
Then there was that all the time great film “Mughal-E-Azam” where we see Madhubala in all her glory as a great heroine and as an accomplished dancer, even though health problems had started taking a toll.
All these five great actresses carried themselves with a lot of grace and influenced Indian society in much wider ways than is commonly realized.
Their millions of enduring followers would look forward to the day when they are honoured with the highest award of Indian cinema.
---
*Has been involved in writing about the social aspects of cinema. His latest book, with Madhu Dogra as co-author, is “Hindi Cinema and Society”, published by Saptarishi, Delhi

Comments

TRENDING

Loktantra Bachao Abhiyan raises concerns over Jharkhand Adivasis' plight in Assam, BJP policies

By Our Representative  The Loktantra Bachao Abhiyan (Save Democracy Campaign) has issued a pressing call to protect Adivasi rights in Jharkhand, highlighting serious concerns over the treatment of Jharkhandi Adivasis in Assam. During a press conference in Ranchi on November 9, representatives from Assam, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh criticized the current approach of BJP-led governments in these states, arguing it has exacerbated Adivasi struggles for rights, land, and cultural preservation.

Promoting love or instilling hate and fear: Why is RSS seeking a meeting with Rahul Gandhi?

By Ram Puniyani*  India's anti-colonial struggle was marked by a diverse range of social movements, one of the most significant being Hindu-Muslim unity and the emergence of a unified Indian identity among people of all religions. The nationalist, anti-colonial movement championed this unity, best embodied by Mahatma Gandhi, who ultimately gave his life for this cause. Gandhi once wrote, “The union that we want is not a patched-up thing but a union of hearts... Swaraj (self-rule) for India must be an impossible dream without an indissoluble union between the Hindus and Muslims of India. It must not be a mere truce... It must be a partnership between equals, each respecting the religion of the other.”

Right-arm fast bowler who helped West Indies shape arguably greatest Test team in cricket history

By Harsh Thakor*  Malcolm Marshall redefined what it meant to be a right-arm fast bowler, challenging the traditional laws of biomechanics with his unique skill. As we remember his 25th death anniversary on November 4th, we reflect on the legacy he left behind after his untimely death from colon cancer. For a significant part of his career, Marshall was considered one of the fastest and most formidable bowlers in the world, helping to shape the West Indies into arguably the greatest Test team in cricket history.

Andhra team joins Gandhians to protest against 'bulldozer action' in Varanasi

By Rosamma Thomas*  November 1 marked the 52nd day of the 100-day relay fast at the satyagraha site of Rajghat in Varanasi, seeking the restoration of the 12 acres of land to the Sarva Seva Sangh, the Gandhian organization that was evicted from the banks of the river. Twelve buildings were demolished as the site was abruptly taken over by the government after “bulldozer” action in August 2023, even as the matter was pending in court.  

Swami Vivekananda's views on caste and sexuality were 'painfully' regressive

By Bhaskar Sur* Swami Vivekananda now belongs more to the modern Hindu mythology than reality. It makes a daunting job to discover the real human being who knew unemployment, humiliation of losing a teaching job for 'incompetence', longed in vain for the bliss of a happy conjugal life only to suffer the consequent frustration.

A Hindu alternative to Valentine's Day? 'Shiv-Parvati was first love marriage in Universe'

By Rajiv Shah  The other day, I was searching on Google a quote on Maha Shivratri which I wanted to send to someone, a confirmed Shiv Bhakt, quite close to me -- with an underlying message to act positively instead of being negative. On top of the search, I chanced upon an article in, imagine!, a Nashik Corporation site which offered me something very unusual. 

Will Left victory in Sri Lanka deliver economic sovereignty plan, go beyond 'tired' IMF agenda?

By Atul Chandra, Vijay Prashad*  On September 22, 2024, the Sri Lankan election authority announced that Anura Kumara Dissanayake of the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP)-led National People’s Power (NPP) alliance won the presidential election. Dissanayake, who has been the leader of the left-wing JVP since 2014, defeated 37 other candidates, including the incumbent president Ranil Wickremesinghe of the United National Party (UNP) and his closest challenger Sajith Premadasa of the Samagi Jana Balawegaya. 

Will Bangladesh go Egypt way, where military ruler is in power for a decade?

By Vijay Prashad*  The day after former Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina left Dhaka, I was on the phone with a friend who had spent some time on the streets that day. He told me about the atmosphere in Dhaka, how people with little previous political experience had joined in the large protests alongside the students—who seemed to be leading the agitation. I asked him about the political infrastructure of the students and about their political orientation. He said that the protests seemed well-organized and that the students had escalated their demands from an end to certain quotas for government jobs to an end to the government of Sheikh Hasina. Even hours before she left the country, it did not seem that this would be the outcome.

A Marxist intellectual who dwelt into complex areas of the Indian socio-political landscape

By Harsh Thakor*  Professor Manoranjan Mohanty has been a dedicated advocate for human rights over five decades. His work as a scholar and activist has supported revolutionary democratic movements, navigating complex areas of the Indian socio-political landscape. His balanced, non-partisan approach to human rights and social justice has made his books essential resources for advocates of democracy.

Tributes paid to pioneer of Naxalism in Punjab, who 'dodged' police for 60 yrs

By Harsh Thakor*  Jagjit Singh Sohal, known as Comrade Sharma, a pioneer of Naxalism in Punjab, passed away on October 20 at the age of 96. Committed to the Naxalite cause and a prominent Maoist leader, Sohal, who succeeded Charu Majumdar, played hide and seek with the police for almost six decades. He was cremated in Patiala.