Skip to main content

What caused Kandhamal violence in 2007-08? Expert, Dalit leader react to new docu-film

Well-known film maker KP Sasi has released a new 95-minute documentary  "Voices From the Ruins - Kandhamal In Search of Justice", which seeks to graphically describe how in Kandhamal district of Orissa, mainly inhabited by Adivasis and Dalits, among them a large population are Christians, witnessed its biggest violence on the Adivasi Christians and Dalit Christians in 2008.
Based on interviews with the survivors of Kandhamal violence, who are still struggling against the improper compensation, improper rehabilitation and improper justice delivery systems, the film brings out the concerns of the survivors, through their own voices as well concerned sections, analysing the historical roots of violence, the impact of violence on various sections of the communities and the struggle for justice by the survivors of Kandhamal violence.
Released on the anniversary of the violence (August 28), while Sasi has sought the documentary, already available on YouTube, widest circulation through an email alert, well-known economist Amit Bhaduri and top Dalit rights leader N Paul Divakar have reacted to the film:

Amit Bhaduri:

I had visited Kandhamal soon after the violence as part of a fact finding team. One aspect of it is the Dalit Christians have some English and had low level jobs in the local administration. With this advantage they came to own some land. The other Adivasis considered themselves original 'rajas', even told us so, and resented this fact. Similar is a story in Jharkhand I had witnessed before. This land issue needs focus.

N Paul Divakar:

I would like to congratulate you for your painstaking efforts to bring this excellently well documented film. Thanks to Fr Ajay, Fr. Manoj Nayak, Sr Kusum, Sr Christa, Mr Dhirendra Panda, Fr Dibyasigh Paricha and several others whose names may not be visible who have waged a great struggle to bring the story out and demand justice.
The documentary starts off very well and traces the history of freedom of faith rather than religious conversions as the basis for the Kandhamal violence and the nature of violence. Once again I would like to acknowledge Sasi for his detailed diligent work.
NCDHR has been the first body to have entered the area after the very first wave of violence (2007) and we saw first hand the trail of destruction and hatred. We engaged with communities and talked to people of both the survivors and the perpetrators of violence. Fr Ajay, Fr Manoj, Dhirendra Panda and those mentioned above were the key leaders who supported the communities and challenged the state demanding justice to the survivors of Kandhamal violence.
I feel this documentary may need to bring in two key elements of Kandhamal violence.
The mainstream media and the state portrayed this violence as a result of the demand of Pano communities who are categorised as SCs to be recognised as Scheduled Tribes and so the violence is the result of the STs of Kandhamal and surrounding area abetted by the hindutva forces. It is interesting to note that a large proportion of Pano communities christian and have built institutions that gave them dignity.
Secondly, the Kandhamal violence in 2007 has roots of Dalits, most of whom have chosen Christian faith, who challenged the dominant castes in the area through their economic assertion. During the Vinayaka Chturthi celebrations the Dalits set up their stall as big as the dominant castes stall, which got the dominant castes seething with anger and they broke it down. 
This was also retaliated by Dalit youth, many of whom happened to be Christian Dalits, resulting in the damage of the dominant caste stall! Then a rumour was spread virulently that 'Christian missionaries' have damaged the stall of 'Hindus' - thereby giving it communal twist. And that was the excuse for the Hindutva forces, which were dominated by the traders from the neighbouring districts, to make it a communal divide.
A related phenomenon, we have observed is that the dignity of Dalit communities in the district and in the state has been strongly supported by the Christian institutions. It gave them community halls, the youth a dignity of education, music and the practice of dressing well. Gave them exposure to the outside world through visits to other parts of the state and the country and also education outside the state.
The stigma of 'untouchability' has been removed internally. Though there have not been any evidence of the Church fighting the scourge of untouchability blatantly, latently it has given a base for those youth who have been touched by the Christian institutions to challenge caste based discrimination. 
This story too must be told, because Baba Saheb Ambedkar has asserted that unless the deep roots of Hindutva are wrenched away from the mind of the Dalits, the scourge of untouchability will not be removed from our culture. That is the reason for his Dhamma Parivartan -- a transformation from the bondage of 'casteist' values. Without this element of the struggle for justice of Kandhamal survivors, the story may not be complete.
I believe Kandhamal violence is not a mere communal violence against Christian minority but another wave of violence against the asserting Dalits and Adivasis!
I do hope this element may find some space in your narrative.
Congratulations to Sasi and a salute to all the leaders who struggled and continue to struggle courageously against these forces which dehumanise people, especially the vulnerable communities.

KP Sasi's reply:

There is a limit of information that can be placed in a documentary film. There is no limit of information which can be communicated through the medium of writing. When I watch the film, I feel that is is already loaded with information. Some of the points mentioned by Paul have already come in the film. However, I have always felt that more films with serous pursuit are needed on this whole exercise of Kandhamal genocide.
I hope such exercises will take place in future. The grave human rights violations can be seen from the perspectives of dalits, adivasis, Christians, women, children, historical narration and many other angles. The propaganda by the Sangh Parivar can be confronted from many angles. This is only one effort to bring in many of these angles. But there is always a limit to penetrate to any one angle, since the format and the structure of the planned film have limitations. I hope you will understand that.
When we made the first film on Narmada dams, what struck me was that after the screenings of the film, many film makers were inspired to pursue different areas of the issue. I wish something like that happens with this issue also.

Comments

TRENDING

Beyond his riding skill, Karl Umrigar was admired for his radiance, sportsmanship, and affability

By Harsh Thakor*  Karl Umrigar's name remains etched in the annals of Indian horse racing, a testament to a talent tragically cut short. An accident on the racetrack at the tender age of nineteen robbed India of a rider on the cusp of greatness. Had he survived, there's little doubt he would have ascended to international stature, possibly becoming the greatest Indian jockey ever. Even 46 years after his death, his name shines brightly, reminiscent of an inextinguishable star. His cousin, Pesi Shroff, himself blossomed into one of the most celebrated jockeys in Indian horse racing.

राजस्थान, मध्यप्रदेश, पश्चिम बंगाल, झारखंड और केरल फिसड्डी: जल जीवन मिशन के लक्ष्य को पाने समन्वित प्रयास जरूरी

- राज कुमार सिन्हा*  जल संसाधन से जुड़ी स्थायी समिति ने वर्तमान लोकसभा सत्र में पेश रिपोर्ट में बताया है कि "नल से जल" मिशन में राजस्थान, मध्यप्रदेश, पश्चिम बंगाल, झारखंड और केरल फिसड्डी साबित हुए हैं। जबकि देश के 11 राज्यों में शत-प्रतिशत ग्रामीणों को नल से जल आपूर्ति शुरू कर दी गई है। रिपोर्ट में समिति ने केंद्र सरकार को सिफारिश की है कि मिशन पुरा करने में राज्य सरकारों की समस्याओं पर गौर किया जाए। 

Aurangzeb’s last will recorded by his Maulvi: Allah shouldn't make anyone emperor

By Mohan Guruswamy  Aurangzeb’s grave is a simple slab open to the sky lying along the roadside at Khuldabad near Aurangabad. I once stopped by to marvel at the tomb of an Emperor of India whose empire was as large as Ashoka the Great's. It was only post 1857 when Victoria's domain exceeded this. The epitaph reads: "Az tila o nuqreh gar saazand gumbad aghniyaa! Bar mazaar e ghareebaan gumbad e gardun bas ast." (The rich may well construct domes of gold and silver on their graves. For the poor folks like me, the sky is enough to shelter my grave) The modest tomb of Aurangzeb is perhaps the least recognised legacies of the Mughal Emperor who ruled the land for fifty eventful years. He was not a builder having expended his long tenure in war and conquest. Towards the end of his reign and life, he realised the futility of it all. He wrote: "Allah should not make anyone an emperor. The most unfortunate person is he who becomes one." Aurangzeb’s last will was re...

How the slogan Jai Bhim gained momentum as movement of popularity and revolution

By Dr Kapilendra Das*  India is an incomprehensible plural country loaded with diversities of religions, castes, cultures, languages, dialects, tribes, societies, costumes, etc. The Indians have good manners/etiquette (decent social conduct, gesture, courtesy, politeness) that build healthy relationships and take them ahead to life. In many parts of India, in many situations, and on formal occasions, it is common for people of India to express and exchange respect, greetings, and salutation for which we people usually use words and phrases like- Namaskar, Namaste, Pranam, Ram Ram, Jai Ram ji, Jai Sriram, Good morning, shubha sakal, Radhe Radhe, Jai Bajarangabali, Jai Gopal, Jai Jai, Supravat, Good night, Shuvaratri, Jai Bhole, Salaam walekam, Walekam salaam, Radhaswami, Namo Buddhaya, Jai Bhim, Hello, and so on. A soft attitude always creates strong relationships. A relationship should not depend only on spoken words. They should rely on understanding the unspoken feeling too. So w...

PUCL files complaint with SC against Gujarat police, municipal authorities for 'unlawful' demolitions, custodial 'violence'

By A Representative   The People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) has lodged a formal complaint with the Chief Justice of India, urging the Supreme Court to initiate suo-moto contempt proceedings against the police and municipal authorities in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The complaint alleges that these officials have engaged in unlawful demolitions and custodial violence, in direct violation of a Supreme Court order issued in November 2024.

Incarcerated for 2,424 days, Sudhir Dhawale combines Ambedkarism with Marxism

By Harsh Thakor   One of those who faced incarceration both under Congress and BJP rule, Sudhir Dhawale was arrested on June 6, 2018, one of the first six among the 16 people held in what became known as the Elgar Parishad case. After spending 2,424 days in incarceration, he became the ninth to be released from jail—alongside Rona Wilson, who walked free with him on January 24. The Bombay High Court granted them bail, citing the prolonged imprisonment without trial as a key factor. I will always remember the moments we spent together in Mumbai between 1998 and 2006, during public meetings and protests across a wide range of issues. Sudhir was unwavering in his commitment to Maoism, upholding the torch of B.R. Ambedkar, and resisting Brahmanical fascism. He sought to bridge the philosophies of Marxism and Ambedkarism. With boundless energy, he waved the banner of liberation, becoming the backbone of the revolutionary democratic centre in Mumbai and Maharashtra. He dedicated himself ...

CPM’s evaluation of BJP reflects its political character and its reluctance to take on battle against neo-fascism

By Harsh Thakor*  A controversial debate has emerged in the revolutionary camp regarding the Communist Party of India (Marxist)'s categorization of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Many Communists criticize the CPM’s reluctance to label the BJP as a fascist party and India as a fascist state. Various factors must be considered to arrive at an accurate assessment. Understanding the original meaning and historical development of fascism is essential, as well as analyzing how it manifests in the present global and national context.

State Human Rights Commission directs authorities to uphold environmental rights in Vadodara's Vishwamitri River Project

By A Representative  The Gujarat State Human Rights Commission (GSHRC) has ordered state and Vadodara municipal authorities to strictly comply with environmental and human rights safeguards during the Vishwamitri River Rejuvenation Project, stressing that the river’s degradation disproportionately affects marginalized communities and violates citizens’ rights to a healthy environment.  The Commission mandated an immediate halt to ecologically destructive practices, rehabilitation of affected communities, transparent adherence to National Green Tribunal (NGT) orders, and public consultations with experts and residents.   The order follows the Concerned Citizens of Vadodara coalition—environmentalists, ecologists, and urban planners—submitting a detailed letter to authorities, amplifying calls for accountability. The group warned that current plans to “re-section” and “desilt” the river contradict the NGT’s 2021 Vishwamitri River Action Plan, which prioritizes floodpla...

Implications of deaths of Maoist leaders G. Renuka and Ankeshwarapu Sarayya in Chhattisgarh

By Harsh Thakor*  In the wake of recent security operations in southern Chhattisgarh, two senior Maoist leaders, G. Renuka and Ankeshwarapu Sarayya, were killed. These operations, which took place amidst a historically significant Maoist presence, resulted in the deaths of 31 individuals on March 20th and 16 more three days prior.

Haven't done a good deed, inner soul is cursing me as sinner: Aurangzeb's last 'will'

Counterview Desk The Tomb of Aurangzeb, the last of the strong Mughal emperors, located in Khuldabad, Aurangabad district, Maharashtra, has this epitaph inscribed on it: "Az tila o nuqreh gar saazand gumbad aghniyaa! Bar mazaar e maa ghareebaan gumbad e gardun bas ast" (the rich may well construct domes of gold and silver on their graves. For the poor folks like me, the sky is enough to shelter my grave).